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Around The World With English Language

Getting around to world to know it. Knowing that chopsticks are the silverware in Japan, that India has a religious perspective different from ours, knowing that Germany was once divided by a wall, that Brazil (our land) has states with no beaches. All this info play an important role in the acquisition process of a second language and having students without access to that knowledge or maybe not motivating them to acquiring such knowledge contributes to a poor performance from Brazilian students with regard to English as a second language. It’s time to make a change.

You might ask me ‘what’s the relation between learning English and knowing that Finland can go through a 6-month period without a blue sky’? Well, all possible. Starting from the awareness that the world is bigger than the community where our students live, that in certain places they may find different people speaking different languages. Thus, understanding that there places where people refer to something they liked using an expression other than ‘que da hora’ is fully relevant for ESL classes and the upcoming book of Professor Cláudia Zuppini for teachers development has an entire chapter about it. For our students with a better performance in English – or maybe those who have a clearer understanding of the language – language transfer is easier when learning that ‘que da hora’ is equivalent to ‘that’s awesome’ in English as it was mentioned before in our article about the use of native language in ESL classes. bur for the students who are still taking the first steps of the second language acquisition path – our younger students – our job finds obstacles for they don’t have the cultural knowledge yet due to their early age and sometimes the socio-financial situation of our students don’t allow the blooming of such knowledge. Thus, we teachers have double work: ring the students the cultural knowledge and turn it into linguistic knowledge, have them understand that the world is gigantic and that learning English as a second language will make the world just as close as our noisy neighbor.

How to bring together all the places of this planet and have them be close to our students given the difficulties our students have to travel and get to know the Eiffel Tower, for instance? Super easy. All it takes is a cardboard and a cutting-edge technology of virtual reality. Google has been invested in its educational department and it has just released the Expeditions, a virtual reality cardboard that let students “visit” any place in the world. Let’s try to come up with an activity for students of the first grades of elementary. The main goal here is to make students talk (of course that reading and writing are also important), so if we use this device and send our kids out in field trip to NY’s zoo, we are going to work on the acquisition of new vocabs, but in a very contextualized manner and also inserted in the syntactic structure. we can divide the class in two parts – since English classes in Brazil take place once or maybe twice a week and last 50 minutes in the average. In the first class of the week we can use our time to use the first two Ps: Presentation so we present what is new which is in our example here names of animals and sounds they produce. Then, the students can Practice with the assistance of flashcards and guidance from the teacher when they’ll tell the names of the animals they see and also the sound they make, all that in the target language. So far, everything looks simple and trivial. In the Performance phase, during the second class of the week, Google Expeditions comes in. After the presentation phase, have students “visit” NY’s zoo so that they know the animals from all parts of the world and later on present to the class the coolest animals and their sounds. as a follow-up activity, the teacher can compare the sounds animals make in Brazil with the ones in English.

The world is really big and we must try to show it the most we can to our students. Knowledge beyond community stimulates them to communicate, besides giving the students information that there are languages other than that they speak, and with regard to English, it is an international language. Travelling around the world is an impossible task to perform with all our students, but technology has come to our help. Have the students get acquainted with other cultures, it will trigger a global awareness that will definitely enhance the acquisition process of a second language.

A Valorização do Real

Se eu fosse um economista, com certeza me achariam um louco por falar isso, mas… o real está cada vez mais valorizado. Estou falando de materiais reais para uso em sala de aula, realias, que promovem uma experiência de ensino genuína aos alunos de língua estrangeira. A combinação de um material real e um lesson plan bem estruturado além de motivar os alunos oferecem a exposição ao idioma de forma genuína.

Os materiais reais a serem utilizados em sala trazem muitos benefícios no processo de aquisição de língua estrangeira tal como contato com uma linguagem nativa genuína que os alunos podem encontrar ao visitarem um local em que a língua estrangeira seja a oficial. Mais ainda, exposição a materiais reais ativa o senso crítico linguístico dos alunos ao perceberem a maneira que a língua é usada pelos nativos para transmitirem um determinado tipo de informação e, então, tentarão reproduzir. A motivação também tem incremento quando da utilização dos materiais autênticos uma vez que os alunos vão ter a oportunidade de trabalhar com artigos que podem ser encontrados  facilmente caso eles viajem e, portanto, se sentirão preparados para se comunicarem e negociar com o idioma. Esse sense of achievement é muito importante, principalmente nas aulas, pois se os alunos conseguem finalizar uma tarefa  simulada em sala com um realia, eles estarão confiantes para prosseguir e progredir nas aulas.

E afinal o que são materiais autênticos? São todo tipo de produção que podem ser utilizados em sala de aula, desde objetos até um vídeo no YouTube. Ou seja, estamos cercados de materiais reais. Um ingresso de cinema pode virar centro de discussão de uma aula, um recibo de cartão de crédito, materiais esportivos, etc, cabe ao professor pesquisar o material autêntico que se encaixa no seu conteúdo a ser inserido no lesson plan. Essa é a parte trabalhosa de se usar realia, mas é, também, justamente o wow factor que vai diferenciar você dos outros professores. Seus alunos irão olhar você com outros olhos pois o material escolhido (sem nenhum tipo de possíveis caminhos adversos) irá atender e, às vezes, superar as necessidades da turma, sem contar que a internet facilita o acesso aos materiais autênticos e ficam à disposição dos alunos sempre que eles tiverem vontade de ter contato com o material novamente. A internet 2.0, termo utilizado para denominar conteúdos e acessibilidade da web nesta segunda década do século 21, oferece uma infindade de opções de materiais reais que podem ser utillizados em sala de aula e, com uma pitada de tecnologia, a produção dos alunos pode ser melhorada.

Após horas e horas procurando pelo vídeo perfeito, texto perfeito, foto perfeita, áudio perfeito, enfim, material autêntico que se encaixa perfeitamente no conteúdo a ser passado pros alunos, o professor pode utilizar um velho e conhecido recurso para criar uma tarefa bem divertida em que os alunos precisam utilizar o inglês para realizar a atividade: Power Point. A criação de um quiz em que os alunos são dividos em trios ou quartetos usando o Microsoft Power Point oferece aos alunos mixed skills a serem trabalhados uma vez que pode-se ter a combinação de imagens (visual), áudio (audição), textos (leitura) e a fala como habilidade final a ser produzida para responder às perguntas. Como follow-up, blogs são um ótimo recurso para que os alunos trabalhem de forma mais livres e produzam conteúdos em inglês. Lá eles podem postar fotos, vídeos, escrever, compartilhar informações e o professor tem a função de analisar essa produção e oferecer assessoria através de comentários via e-mail mesmo ou então em conversas ao vivo com os alunos em particular.

Os materiais reais estão em toda parte: na tv, jornais, radio; com a internet, a compilação de materiais autênticos que podems ser utilizados nas aulas de inglês ficou mais facilitada, não necessariamente organizada. O professor ainda precisa pesquisar muito para encontrar o artigo certo, mas vai encontrar e com certeza os alunos ficarão mais motivados e, consequentemente engajados para se tornarem multilíngues.

A GPS For The Scavenger Hunt

I am pretty sure that all teachers, and I am one of them, have already used bi-dimensional maps whether they were those fold-up maps, illustrations that were in  textbooks or even a simple map drawing on the board. But, imagine the reaction of a student whose daily routine is all about iPads, Playstations and smartphones. Such map would be really boring to this kid.

That’s exactly when someone might say “map apps are also bi-dimensional. How can they be so different from what has been done in the classroom?”. Well,  many maps nowadays are 3-D which means that teaching directions and even some expressions that are very useful for those who travel often or those who don’t want to get lost when looking for a place or address. As a drilling activity the teacher can design a game in which the classroom becomes a neighborhood and then students are separated in groups. Each group  can be a car, given that every car would have 4 people, then there would be around 10 cars on the “street”. In case there is and odd number of  students, there can also be pedestrians and bikers. The teacher can be a traffic guard controlling the “traffic” so that students respect the rules (all communication must be made in the target language). When students do something other than what they were asked to, the teacher corrects them using the appropriate technique granting the “traffic” flow.

I know I have mentioned Michael Tomasello and his study on language acquisition through its use before. This means that interaction takes an important role in the acquisition process of sintax, phonetics, semantics and pragmatics whereas the brain then has the responsibility of decoding  all these features, thinking, in other words, to produce sppech in an organized manner. I wonder if the proposed activity is aligned with Tomasello’s proposal. Let’s find out. The interaction between student and teacher happens naturally and the fact this is a group activity the Zone of Proximal Development takes place and students can assess one another and communication in the target language (maybe with very few words in Portuguese) stimulates cognition in the acquisition process. Mission accomplished! But what about the map? And what is so techie about it? At the end of the lesson plan there may be a performance activity, when students fly freely, without interference from teachers. Considering a class of Primary school, or maybe the first grades of Secondary, the teacher can suggest a scavenger hunt. The plus here is tat the teacher can hand out GPS devices and set them to English language so that students find their treasure by listening to the directions given by the device.

Almost everyone has seen and used a GPS device. Stepping into a classroom with an activity that requires old fold-up maps is nonsense in a context and reality where students use smartphones and tablets. Doing it so might demotivate students and they are not going to be as engaged as you wanted them to, resulting in a poor performance. Once motivation is zero, then the whole process is disabled. But that is an issue for another post.

What Is Fluency After All?

There has been a lot of language schools promoting and guaranteeing that their students end up their courses fluent in a second language. However, do professionals who work for with education really know what it means to be fluent? Many think that it is something regarding the accent, others believe that it is related (or is it?) to thinking in the target language which means that students shouldn’t (or should they?) think in their own native language.

All of us, born and raised in Brazil, have Portuguese as our mother tongue. We are natives and, therefore, fluent in that language and many factors support such status. One of them is our lexical range. Sociolinguistics studies a case called Speech Community, a group that can easily be recognized through linguistic features. In our case we share them with 100% of the Brazilian population thus we are natives and fluent in Portuguese for our Speech Community is obviously recognized through our language. Thinking time can also be an issue that contributes or not to fluency, it is not the reason why it happens though. Thinking time displays how articulate a person is, maybe you have a student not so articulate and takes time to conclude a speech however no teacher will question his or her fluency in Portuguese language.

What second language teachers can do to reach fluency is to develop activities that make their students speak, express themselves in the target language as much as they can. Exercises to master a language’s syntax, which expose students to current vocabs, registers and all the technical and subjective aspects of a language must be drilled with the students. Reading may enrich vocabulary, but silent reading and controlled speech activities help master syntax and role play activities help students understand how to convey in different situations. Pronunciation should be the frost in the cake in the classroom. Furthermore, many languages also have varied paces and pitches which means that teachers have to pay attention several pronunciation features other than just accent for they may contain semantic importance.

Pronunciation is indeed important in a language. It can represent a social group, a social identity and students should have access to such linguistic characteristic as well while in the process of a second language acquisition inside the classroom. What should be in every teacher’s minds is that pronunciation is not a determining factor that defines a student’s fluency. However, it plays an important part in the show.